资料4----动词不定式与动名词作主语和宾语的用法浅析及练习和答案-新课标.docVIP

动词不定式与动名词作主语和宾语的用法浅析 一、作主语 　　动词不定式和动名词都具有名词的特征，所以都可以在句中作主语。 1．不定式作主语 　　（1） To do her homework often takes her one and a half hours every evening. 　　（2） To do morning exercises every day is good for your health. 　　（3） To learn English well is very easy for me. 不定式（或不定式短语）作主语时常用It 来代替，称为形式主语，真正主语（不定式）放在句尾，如上面的句子可改为： 　　（1） It often takes her one and a half hours to do her homework every evening. 出现句型“It takes sb. time to do sth.”例如： 　　① It will take the workers 3 years to build the building. 　　② It took me only a few minutes to have breakfast. 　　③ How long did it take you to clean your room? （2） It is good for your health to do morning exercises every day. （3） It is very easy for me to learn English well. 出现句型: “It is + 形 + for / of sb. to do sth.”例如： ① It’s very difficult for me to walk on the ice. ② It’s kind of you to help me. ③ It was quite important for you to say that to him at that time. 当形容词表达人所具有特性时用of sb., 当形容词表达事物的特征时用for sb. 2．动名词作主语 （1） Doing morning exercises is very good for your health. （2） Reading aloud is very important in learning English. （3） Getting up early is a good habit. 二、作宾语 1．有些动词或动词词组常用不定式作宾语，常见的有：agree , ask, choose, decide, hope, promise, want, wish, would like等；而有些动词或动词词组常用动名词作宾语，常见的有：enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest, hate, be busy, look forward to等。 2．不定式多指某次具体的动作，动名词多指一般的或经常的行为。例如： （1） I like to stay at home tonight. （2） I like staying at home at night. （3） She prefers to skate with Kate this afternoon. （4） She prefers skating to skiing. 3．动词need, want, stand（忍受）后的宾语可有不定式，也可用动名词，但有区别：不定式作宾语时带有主动含义，句子中的主语与不定式在逻辑上有主谓关系；动名词作宾语时往往带有被动的含义，动名词与句子的主语存在动宾关系。例如： （1） I need to repair my shoes. （2） My shoes need repairing. （3） I want to paint the walls. （4） The walls want painting. 4．介词常用动名词作宾语，例如： （1） Thank sb. for doing sth. （2） stop sb. from doing sth. （3） What do you mean by doing sth. （4） What / How about doing sth.? （5） be good at doing sth. （6） spend …（in） doing sth. （7） lo