动名词形式.pptVIP

Unit 21 ;一、动名词的形式;二、动名词的复合结构;三、动名词的完成形式与被动形式;② 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，如： This question is far from being settled. He did it without being asked. They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers. He didn’t mind being left at home. They couldn’t stand being treated like that. 注：如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如： I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method. ; V-ing 形式作主语 往往表示抽象、笼 统的动作或泛指某动作或行为。如： a.) Getting up early is a good habit. b.) Fishing is Tom’s favorite hobby. c.) Crying over spilt milk is no use. d.)Arguing with him is a waste of time.;注：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别： 动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如： It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) 在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换： a. 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.;b. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替： It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing …; 2) V-ing形式作宾语 a.) She sat there without speaking. b.) David is interested in driving. c.) Do you mind turning on the TV? d.)Betty enjoys listening to pop music.;★??? 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类： 一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid, admit, consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, mind等，如： Mary is considering changing her job. I enjoy working with you. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? 另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：, continue, forget, hate, intend, like, love, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, can’t afford等。 ; B. 在need, want, deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如： The door needs oiling / to be oiled. C. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door. H