Masked Presentations of Emotional Facial （戴面具的情绪面部的演讲）.pdf

The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1, 1998, 18(1):411–418 Masked Presentations of Emotional Facial Expressions Modulate Amygdala Activity without Explicit Knowledge Paul J. Whalen, Scott L. Rauch, Nancy L. Etcoff, Sean C. McInerney, Michael B. Lee, and Michael A. Jenike Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Group and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human masked fearful faces as well as significant signal decreases to brain was used to study whether the amygdala is activated in masked happy faces, consistent with the notion that the level of response to emotional stimuli, even in the absence of explicit amygdala activation is affected differentially by the emotional knowledge that such stimuli were presented. Pictures of human valence of external stimuli. In addition, these facial expressions faces bearing fearful or happy expressions were presented to activated the sublenticular substantia innominata (SI), where 10 normal, healthy subjects by using a backward masking signal increases were observed to both fearful and happy fac- procedure that resulted in 8 of 10 subjects reporting that they es—suggesting a spatial dissociation of territories that respond had not seen these facial expressions. The backward masking to emotional valence versus salience or arousal value. This procedure consisted of 33 msec presentations of fearful or study, using fMRI in conjunction with masked stimulus presen- happy facial expressions, their offset coincident with the onset tations, represents an initial step towar