L Freidman History of Contact Sulfuric Acid Process（我认为接触硫酸的历史过程）.pdf

Acid Engineering Consulting, Inc.    Boca Raton, Florida   The History of the Contact Sulfuric Acid Process By Leonard J. Friedman Samantha J. Friedman Acid Engineering Consulting, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida Introduction Sulfuric acid was known as early as the Eighth Century, used in the Tenth Century, and first mention in the literature by Valentinus in the latter half of the Fifteenth. Sulfuric acid is manufactured by burning sulfur or some other metallic sulfide in oxygen or air followed by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with air or oxygen to sulfur trioxide (SO3), and the combination of the sulfur trioxide with water to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Two general groups of processes are used to produce sulfuric acid: the nitration or “Chamber/Tower” process; and the catalytic or “Contact” process. Chamber Process In the nitration or Chamber process (introduced in 1746), nitrogen compounds are used to enhance the gas phase oxidation reaction of sulfur dioxide with oxygen. The reactions are complex with the formation of the intermediate nitrosylsulfuric acid (HOSO2ONO or HSO3.NO2 or SO5NH), followed by the decomposition of nitrosylsulfuric acid by water to form sulfuric acid and nitrogen oxide (NO). The nitrogen oxide is regenerated by oxygen or air to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and the combination of nitrogen compounds (NO NO2 or N2O3) is recycled to the sulfur dioxide oxi