六级写作问题诊断.DOC

四、六级写作分析诊断 短文写作存在的主要问题 通过对考生试卷所作的抽样分析，我们总结出考生主要存在下列问题： 1．不会审题，偏离主题。很多考生在着手做写作题时并无审题和构思的概念，有的担心时间不够，有的则是无从下笔，结果不是文不对题就是时间已过半，只好草草收场。 2．用汉语思维，逐字翻译。有的考生对英语遣词造句无把握，便用汉语构思文章，时不时将汉语句子硬译成英语，结果是非驴非马，无法理解。 3．用词搭配不当。英语语言的一大特点是其丰富的习惯用语和固定搭配，包括动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语，例如(花费很多时间做某事)“spend much time in．．．”不能改成 “take much time in．．．”。词与词之间的固定搭配是由历史形成的，有的看起来不符合逻辑，但却是地道用法。 4．词汇量小，表达困难，拼写错误。部分学生能在写作中运用的词汇量太少，有的知道用法但又拼写不出来，结果只能用中文取而代之，成绩自然不会理想。 5．句子逻辑关系混乱。部分考生因受汉语结构的影响，对句子中主谓语及状语之间的位置安排不妥，造成逻辑混乱。例如：Our English class often told stories．应改为：We often told stories in our English class。 6．不会运用关联词转承上下句子和段落。关联词即过渡词使上下句子和段落合理衔接，承上启下，使表达合乎逻辑，同时结构严谨，文章紧凑。例： People learn English to us it．Some learn it to study of work abroad．Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners． 采用适当关联词，改进为：People learn English for practical purposes：some learn to study or work abroad，while others learn to read or communicate in English． 7．语法错误。语法错误主要表现为： (1)分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise；hear和listen等； (2)被动语态与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested；speaking和spoken等； (3)词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词或动词误作形容词用等。例如：benefit和beneficial；difficult和difficulty；pleasure和pleased等。 (4)混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如：family，practice等。 (5)冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：an English book，should did，must done等。 8.其它常犯的语法错误 (1)Run-ons (串句) 例如： 1. Our father was a mad man in his youth he would do anything on a dare. 2. Rita decided to stop smoking, she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. 3. Four films were playing in town，three were X-rated (no one under 17 is to be admitted) and one was a Disney cartoon. 4. My freshman year in college was not a success，I spent most of my time in the game room. 串句就是误将两个意义完整的子句串在一起当成一个句子，而没有给出足以区分其停顿之处的标志。有些串句根本没有任何标点来区分字句间的停顿。在另一些也被称作“逗号拼接句”的串句中，只用一个逗号来连接两个完整的子句。然而只用一个逗号是不足以连接两个完整的句子的，还需要比逗号更强的连接手段。 以上例句可做如下修改： 1. Our father was a mad man in his youth. He would do anything on a dare. Or: Our father was a mad man in his youth; he would do anything on a dare. Or: Our father was a mad m