著名思想实验十例（Ten famous experiments）.doc

著名思想实验十例（Ten famous experiments） Ten history famous thought experiment source: Party in accordance with the log Wei smile? 10. trolley problems (The, Trolley, Problem) Trolley problem is one of the most famous experiments in the field of ethics. Its content is as follows: a madman tied five innocent people to the tramway. An out of control tram came towards them and rolled them up after a while. Fortunately, you can pull a tie rod and let the trolley drive to another track. But theres one more problem. The madman tied another man on that other track. Considering the above situation, should you pull the rod? Unscramble: The trolley problem was first proposed by the philosopher Philippa Foot, and used to criticize the main theories of ethical philosophy, especially utilitarianism. The utilitarian point of view is that most ethical decisions are based on the principle of maximum benefit for the greatest number of people.. From a utilitarian point of view, the obvious choice should be to pull the rod to save five people and only kill one person. But critics of utilitarianism believe that once you pull the tie, you become an accomplice in unethical behavior - you are partly responsible for the death of a single person on another track. However, others believe that you are in such a situation that you are required to do something, and that your inaction will be equally immoral. In short, there is no complete moral behavior, that is where the point is. Many philosophers use the trolley problem as an example of real life situations, often forcing a person against his own moral standards, and in a situation where there is no complete moral practice The Cow in the field on the open ground One of the most important thought experiments in the field of cognitive theory is cows on the open ground.. It describes a farmer worried about losing his award-winning cow. Then the milkman arrived at the farm. He told the farmer not to worry because he saw the cow in a space on the annex.