热液对流系统与生命的出现.pdf

Economic Geology BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS VOL. 100 May 2005 NO. 3 100th Anniversary Special Paper: On Hydrothermal Convection Systems and the Emergence of Life MICHAEL J. RUSSELL,† ALLAN J. HALL, ADRIAN J. BOYCE, AND ANTHONY E. FALLICK Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland Abstract Not only have submarine hydrothermal systems been responsible for a variety of mineral deposits, they may also have contributed to the emergence of life in the Hadean. Sulfide deposits can be precipitated where metal- bearing hydrothermal solutions invade bacteriogenic H2S-bearing wet sediments and the overlying seawater or brine. Similarly, life might be viewed as a complex organic product that emerged when and where hydrother- mal H2 and other reduced chemical species reacted with CO2 and other mildly oxidized molecules dissolved in the Hadean ocean. Semipermeable and semiconducting FeS barriers or membranes would have precipitated spontaneously where H – 2 and HS -bearing alkaline waters at ≤110°C seeped into the cool mildly acidic Fe-bear- ing Hadean ocean at a submarine hydrothermal mound on a ridge flank or on the deep ocean floor. The mound, consisting of Mg-rich clays, ephemeral carbonates, green rust, as well as the sulfides, acted as a natural, self-