Macroeconomics-12-国民收入核算题库.pptVIP

* This and the following slide build the Circular-Flow Diagram piece by piece. * In this diagram, the green arrows represent flows of income/payments. The red arrows represent flows of goods services (including services of the factors of production in the lower half of the diagram). To keep the graph simple, we have omitted the government, financial system, and foreign sector, as discussed on the next slide. Changing the animation on this slide: If you wish, you can easily change the order in which the markets and arrows appear. From the “Slide Show” drop-down menu, choose “Custom Animation…” Then, a box will appear (maybe along the right-hand-side of your PowerPoint window) that allows you to modify the order in which things appear (as well as other aspects of the animation). For further information, open PowerPoint help and search on “change the sequence of animations.” * Notes: 1. The text in the first bullet point is NOT the formal textbook definition of GDP. The formal definition is given and discussed in detail immediately after the Circular-Flow Diagram. 2. “gs” = goods and services A good way to judge how well someone is doing economically is to look at his or her income. We can judge how well a country is doing economically by looking at the total income that everyone in the economy is earning. GDP is our measure of the economy’s total income, often called “national income.” GDP also measures total expenditure on the goods and services produced in the economy, and the value of the economy’s output (production) of goods and services. Thus, GDP is also referred to as “output.” The equality of income and expenditure is an accounting identity (not, for example, an equilibrium condition): it must be true that income equals expenditure. * In future chapters, we will study the role of each of these in greater detail. We could draw a more complicated circular flow diagram that includes the government, financial system, and foreig