从干嘉的“理必”之学看朴学中的“科学”要素.DOC

“語言科学研究”的计划报告 2013年6月27日 语法分析是一種技術/藝術 50年中期，老一辈国际著名语言学家Hockett Charles (1958) 在A Course in Modern Linguistics (P147)里面指出： “Specialists have been working for a long time on the problem of analyzing, describing, and comparing grammatical systems and the degree of accuracy achieved is much greater than the layman world suspect. At the same time, there remain many pints on which precision is till impossible. Some linguists like to believe that grammatical analysis has become a completely objective operation, but this is not true. Phonemic analysis has been brought much nearer such a state: complete precision is not always possible, but we can at least pinpoint the areas of indeterminacy and usually see why they remain indeterminate. But grammatical analysis is still, to a surprising extent, an art: the best and clearest descriptions of language are achieved not by investigators who follow some rigid set of rules, but by those who through some accident of life-history have developed a flair for it.” 有些语言学家很乐观地认为：语法分析已然成为完全客观的操作，但这不是事实。语音实验学近乎这种境界…但语法分析还任然处在，令人惊奇的艺术境地。（霍恺得1958年） 当代语言学的革命 然而，就在同时，Robert Lee 在他的“Review of Syntactic Structure ”(1957:377-378) 吹响了当代语言科学的号角： “Chomsky’s book on syntactic structures is one of the first serious attempts on the part of a linguist to construct within the tradition of scientific theory-construction a comprehensive theory of language which may be understood in the same sense that a chemical, biological theory is ordinarily understood by experts in those fields. It is not a mere reorganization of the data into a new kind of library catalogue, nor another speculative philosophy about the nature of Man and Language, but rather a rigorous explication of our intuitions about our language in terms of an overt axiom system, the theorems derivable from it, explicit results which may be compared with new data and other intuitions, all based plainly on an overt theory of the internal structure of languages; and it may well provide an opportun