3超级电容器导电聚合物电极的工作原理及特点.PPT

Polymer-based super-capacitors Marina Mastragostino*, Catia Arbizzani , FrancescaSoavi Universitaá di Bologna, Ist. di Scienze Chimiche, via S. Donato 15, I-40127 Bologna, Italy Universitaá di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica ``G. Ciamician, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy Journal of Power Sources 97±98 (2001) 812±815 The use of electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) as pseudo-capacitive electrode materials in high-power super-capacitors is a challenge to overcome the performance of carbon-based double-layer super-capacitors for applications requiring high power levels. ECPs provide different super-capacitor configurations but devices with the polymer n-doped form as the negative electrode and the p-doped form as the positive one are the most promising in term of energy and power. This type of super-capacitor has indeed a high operating voltage, it is able to deliver all the doping charge and it has in the charged state both electrodes in the conducting (p- and n-doped) states. Data for poly(3-methylthiophene) positive and negative electrodes, envisioned for a n/p-type super-capacitor, as well as data for cyclability of super-capacitors with composite electrodes based on such conventional polymer are here reported and discussed. The capacitance and cycling stability of poly(3-methylthiophene) are sufficiently high to take this polymer into consideration for super-capacitor technology. 0.Abstract 1.研究背景 超级电容器是介于传统电容器和充电电池之间的一种新型储能装置，其容量可达几百至上千法拉。与传统电容器相比，它具有较大的容量、较高的能量、较宽的工作温度范围和极长的使用寿命，传统电容器以 μF(微法)标称电容量，超级电容器静电容量可达到10万F以上;而与蓄电池相比，它又具有较高的功率密度和更好的循环寿命，且对环境无污染。因此，它结合了传统电容器与电池的优点，是一种应用前景广阔的化学电源，属于新兴的功率补偿和储能装置范畴。近几年来，超级电容器技术的发展引起了人们的广泛关注，并成功应用在消费电子类产品、能源交通(电动汽车、太阳能和风能储能)、功率补偿等领域，其市场规模正在快速扩大。 图1　超级电容器材料的分类 Fig.1　Taxonomy of the supercapacitor materials 2.电容器分类 依据贮能方式不同，可分为 a.双电层电容器（EDLC） 由高比表面的电极物质同电解液的界面上发生的离子电荷同电子的分离来提供能量，电极物质主要是具有大比表面积的碳材料。 b.准电容（赝电容）电容器 也称氧化还原型电容器，能量来源于电极材料在特征电位下发生的快速法拉第反应 ，电极物质主要有贵重金属氧化物 (电解液 为水溶液