心理学专业外语Thereductionismdebateinpsychology.docx

The reductionism debate in psychology心理学的还原论辩论Reductionism VS Holism InteractionismReductionism——Assumptions还原论——理论假设Reductionism involves explaining a phenomenon by breaking it down into its constituent parts-analysing it. 还原论是通过先把一个现象分解成它的组成部分，之后再分析其组成部分的方式来解释某个现象。Reductionism works on the scientific assumption of parsimony-that complex phenomena should be explained by the simplest underlying principles possible.还原论致力于简约的科学假设，认为复杂的现象应该尽可能被一些最简单的而且深层的原理来解释。HolismInteractionism——Assumptions整体说与相互作用论——理论假设Holism looks at same/higher level explanations. Interactionism shows how many aspects of a phenomenon or levels of explanation can interact together to provide a complete picture.整体说注重在同一水平或更高水平对某种现象做出解释。相互作用论说明一种现象是由多少个方面，或一种解释是由多少个层次通过彼此间相互作用来形成一个完整的画面的。Both approaches involve taking a gestalt approach, assuming that ’ the whole is greater than the sum of its parts’.这两种研究方法都采用格式塔的研究方法，假设“整体大于各部分之和”。 Reductionism——Examples in psychology还原论——心理学范例There have been many reductionist attempts to explain behaviour in psychology, for example:已经有许多还原论者试图用心理学来解释行为，例如： Structuralism-one of the first approaches to psychology pioneered by Wundt and Titchener involved trying to break conscious experience down into its constituent images,sensations,and feelings.构造主义-由冯特和铁钦钠创始的最早的心理学研究方法之一的构造主义试图将意识经验分解为表象、感觉和情感三种基本元素。 Behaviourism-assumed that complex behaviour was the sum of all past stimulus-response learning units.行为主义-假设复杂的行为是所有过去“刺激-反应”学习单元的总和。 Biopsychology-aims to explain all at the psychological or mental level in terms of that at the physiological, neurochemical or genetic level.Ultimately,psychology would be replaced by biology and the other natural sciences lower down on the reductionist ladder.生物心理学-旨在从生理学、神经化学或基因水平的角度来解释所有心理和精神层面的问题。最终，心理学将被生物学和其他位于还原论之梯的底层的自然科学所取代。 A simple reductionist hierarchy of explanation.一个简单的还原论解释层次。HolismInteractionism——Examples in psychology整体说与相互作用论——心理学范例Other approaches have proposed higher level holistic and/or interactionist explana