新编英语语法教程第五版10 Verb and verb phrase.pptVIP

Lecture 10 Verb and Verb Phrase Teaching Contents 10.1 Classification of verbs (I) 10.2 Classification of verbs (II) 10.3 A survey of tense, aspect, voice and mood 10.1 Classification of verbs (I) 1) Main verbs and auxiliaries According to different roles played in the fomation of verb phrasesk verbs are divided into two classes:main verbs and auxiliaries. As we know, a verb phrase may consist of a main verb only; this is called a simple verb phrase. A verb phrase may also take the form of a verb preceded by one or more auxiliaries; this is called a complex verb phrase. Main verbs are also called notional verbs functioning as the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase. Auxiliaries fall into three categories: primary auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries and semi-auxiliaries. a) Primary auxiliaries: be, do, have. Without lexical meanings of their own, these auxiliaries have only grammatical functions or grammatical meanings. Be is usually used to help the main verb to form the progressive aspect or the expressive voice. Auxiliary do is used to help the main verb to express negative meanings or to form question, and sometimes to help express the emphatic affirmative. The function of auxiliary have is to help the main verb to form the perfective or the perfective progressive aspect. b) Modal auxiliaries: can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, ought to, dare, need, used to. They express modal meanings. In a finite verb phrase, we can use only one modal auxiliary which is invariably followed by the bare infinitive or the base form. c) Semi-auxiliaries: have to, seem to. They can help the main verb to form the complex verb phrase and express the modal meaning on the one hand, and can, when preceded by other auxiliaries, function as main verbs on the other. 2) Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and linking verbs Verbs are divided in accordance with whether or not they must be followed by obligatory elements functioning as complementation a