文同之自然观与科技事物写意.PDF

2016 年11月 咸阳师范学院学报 Nov.2016 第31 卷 第6 期 Journal of Xianyang Normal University Vol.31 No.6 [科技史与科技传播研究] 文同之自然观与科技事物写意 姚 远a ，b （西北大学 a.数学与科学史研究中心，b.西北联大研究所，陕西 西安 710069 ） 摘 要：力图还原北宋文同自然观形成的渊源和科学技术素养与其画风、文风的关联。文同三 问神之“不悯”“不职”和疑神“何不若向时之速验”，强烈谴责其放纵旱魃，置生民于不顾，形成其总 体上以对神怀疑、质疑、质问和谴责为主的自然观；他以秦蜀等地的自然造化为师，将客观自然的 景与物和主观的情与志高度融合，汇通于儒释道和崇尚道法自然之间而至最高境界；他既“问太虚 求所止”“问无为最深旨”，从而形成其师于道家自然主义的一些核心自然观念，又不为道家的“无 为”“遁世”所囿，汲取道家自然观为其诗文书画的精髓。他对数学、天文历算、地理等科技事物的 记述，反映了其文理融通的学养，并奠定其诗画成就的必备知识基础和知识获取的独特途径。 关键词：文同；自然观；道法自然；科学技术事物；陕西地方科技史 中图分类号：N09 文献标识码： A 文章编号：1672-2914 （2016 ）06-0001-10 Wen Tong ’s View of Nature and Descriptions of Technological Things YAO Yuana,b (a.Research Center of Mathematics and History of Science, b.Northwestern League Institute, Northwest University, Xi ’an 710069, Shaanxi, China) Abstract: The paper tries to restore the formational origin of the concept of nature of Wen Tong and the relevance of the relationship between his science and technology literacy and his style of paint- ing and writing. It is thought that the three interrogations of God concerning His “no mercy”“holding a sinecure”and “why not lending Himself to testimony of His promises”strongly condemned the indul- gence of God in the face of drought to the neglect of the livelihood of the common people, which formed the overall natural outlook featuring skepticism, doubt, query and condemnation of God. He took the natural wonders as his teacher, highly integrating the objective scenery and things with subjec- tive emotions and ambitions with a culmination in Con