非谓语动词(作状语).pptVIP

非谓语动词，即不做句子谓语的动词。非谓语动词在句中不可单独做谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但可以用作句子的其他成分 1. 不定式 动词不定式可以作下列的状语： ①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 注意：可在不定式前加in order 或so as ，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如： She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. ②结果状语： only to do, so... as to do, …enough to do, too… to do Will you be so kind as to open the window? He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off. 2. 现在分词 现在分词作状语可表时间、原因、结果、伴随等。现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。 Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine. （时间状语） Being blind, they couldn’t see the elephant? （原因状语） Holding his head high, he walked past the pole. （伴随状语） His wife died in 1962, leaving him with three children. （结果状语） Having finished the work, he went home. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while; 作条件状语时，可加if, unless, once等。如： When crossing street, you must be careful. 注意：悬垂分词的逻辑主语和句子主语是不一致的，如： Judging from, generally/ frankly/strictly speaking, taking… into consideration 3. 过去分词 过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、条件、伴随等。过去分词作状语时，其动作的逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且为被动关系 Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.（条件状语） Frightened by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom. （原因状语） The lady returned home, followed by the detective. （伴随状语） 区分： Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache. Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor. * * √ √ √ √ ? ? ? made ? ? ? 过去分词 ? ? √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ ? ? having been made being made having made ? making 现在分词 √ √ √ √ √ √ to have been made to be made to have made to be making to make 不定式 补 状 定 表 宾 主 完成式 一般式 完成式 进行式 一般式 句法功能 被动语态 主动语态 make 非谓语动词用法比较详析