阅读36套分析总结.docxVIP

阅读36套分析总结 Exercise1 P1．  eq \o\ac(○,1) Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. eq \o\ac(○,2) In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. eq \o\ac(○,3) A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. eq \o\ac(○,4) By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. eq \o\ac(○,5) Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. eq \o\ac(○,6) Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. eq \o\ac(○,7) Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy. 第一句话提到一个现象，就是the sex ratios have a large excess of females；第二句话和第三句话是辅助说明这些种群里的基本背景。到这里还只是简单地陈述，下面才提出解释。 第四句话提出Fisher‘s genetic argument，即it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters因为要产生最多的后代；第五句话，Hamilton offered a remarkably cogent analysis，表达了作者支持H的分析；第六句话就是H的分析；第七句话就是作者对H的评价，看上去是肯定的a step further。 本文是解释说明的文章，解释为何蜂群的雌性较多，涉及到两个人的理论，即F的和H的。这两者的理论不是对立的，而是H在F的基础上走得更远。作者对H持支持肯定态度。 结构上来看，先提出现象，阐述背景，提出F的理论，再提出H的分析，最后对H的分析做评价。 1. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists (A) conducted their research at approximately the same time (B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied (C) sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable (D) stud