荷马史诗伊利亚德奥德赛Iliad and Odyssey.ppt

* What does Thetis expect of Zeus? How does this scene compare with the Epic of Gilgamesh? * Questions: In what way are Hector and Achilles alike as heroes? In what way are they different? What does this glimpse into the home of Hector reveal about life in Troy, or life of a besieged city, or women and family? Hector is considered a tragic hero. Why? * Questions: What are the various ways the Embassy tries to persuade Achilles? (Arguments, bribes, etc.) Why does Achilles dismiss each attempt? Is Achilles being unreasonable? Emotional? Or is he properly protecting his honor? * * Iliad Odyssey * Outline Homer in Ancient Greece Themes and Persons Illiad Odyssey Closing Thoughts * Homer in Ancient Greece Earliest Greek Literature Written c. 750 BCE from oral trad. (c. 1200 BCE) Recited by Rhapsodes Epic = dactylic hexameter or long poem on war/myth Cultural Importance for Greeks Taken as History Hellenic Unity Educational Texts * Some Themes Glories of War/Adventure Reasons for War Realistic Descriptions Ideals of Heroism Areté, timé, and kleos Fate Courage “shame culture” Others Gods Humans Individual vs. Society Word vs. Deed * Greece and Trojan War * Areté Excellence, virtue, or what makes and individual the best or among the best; usually some combination of physical prowess persuasive speech or command. Timé Honor, material symbol of status among others, usually capable of being taken away (prize, booty, trophies). Kleos Glory or Fame, understood as public opinion, or what others say or remember. * Persons in the Iliad Acheans Achilles Patrocles Agamemnon Menalaos Odysseus, Ajax, Phoenix Trojans Hector Alexandros Priam, Helen, Andromache Gods Zeus, Apollo, Aphrodite Athena, Hera, Thetis * Iliad (Book I) Wrath of Achilles, Part I In medias res: Trojan War Plague of Apollo Menis: Quarrel with Agamemnon Consequences Thetis’ Supplication of Zeus Glimpse of Olympus Is Achilles’ anger his own fault? * Thetis supplicant to Zeus * Iliad (Book VI) Behind the W