药物统计学PPT.pptxVIP

Pharmaceutical Statistics;Fallacy错误(cuò wù) An error in reasoning. 在推理中的错误 Bias偏见(piān jiàn) A tainted/unfair perspective. 污点/不公平的视角 Sampling bias, cherry picking, publication bias Non-generalizability非普遍性(Fēi pǔ biàn xìng) The observation is only true in this dataset. Not true for others 只在这一资料组的观测是正确的。对别的不真实。 Misleading Representation误导性陈述(wù dǎo xìng chén shù) The statistics was done right but the results are shown in a way that is not. 统计做的正确，但其结果表示的方式不正确。;Types of data数据/variables变量;Another way of classifying variables --- the NOIR paradigm;Exercise --- which of the following are N.O.I.R?;Overview on statistics;Descriptive Statistics;Show the mode, mode and median for the following graphs;Introducing the normal distribution;Describing the normal distribution;Standard and normal distribution标准正态分布的转换;Population sampling and probability总体, 样本,和概率lǜ;Probabilistic sampling methods概率抽样法;Simple random sampling;Stratified sampling;Cluster sampling;Systematic sampling;Important considerations for sampling;Observational studies and designed experiments;Completely randomized design完全随机化设计 Matched-pair design配对设计 Randomized block design 随机区组设计;;;;;;;A quick Introduction to R programming;read.table(file, sep = , header = FALSE);hist(x, main=the title of histogram, xlab = xname, ylab=yname, col=,...)boxplot(x,y, main=the title of box-plot, xlab = xname, ylab=yname, col = ,...)plot(x,y, main=the title of scatter-plot, xlab = xname, ylab=yname, type,...)legend(x, y, names, lty, ...)par(mfrow=c(nrow, ncol)) paneling graphics;How to do random sampling in R;How to do random sampling in R;How to do random sampling in R;How to do stratified sampling in R;How to do systematic sampling in R?;;Write a dice in R;Let’s simulate this in R;Let’s simulate this in R;Let’s see how we can do this in R