美国最具有创新力的城市.docxVIP

The Most Innovative Cities in America BY Lydia BelangerMeet the 20 American cities that received the most patents since the year 2000. Plus, a look at the metro areas that dominate the most patent categories.332 SHARESTechnological breakthroughs are contagious: They break out in specific areas, then spread. To identify the most innovative cities of the 21st century, we compiled U.S. Patent and Trademark Office data on utility patents (for a new invention or process) issued between 2000 and 2011--and analyzed which metropolitan areas were the national leaders in each patent category.We found several hubs of industry fueling new ideas. These innovation clusters create an ecosystem effect, says Steven Pedigo, a director at the Creative Class Group, an advisory group founded by urban theorist Richard Florida. Its a concentration of assets, Pedigo says. Companies have everything they need to be successful: talent, capital, other firms. And theres nothing like a little competition to make you more resourceful.?Silicon ValleyNo. 1 in these classes: Semiconductor manufacturing; multiplex communications; solid-state devices.Patent Leader: More than 10,000 patents were issued to organizations in the San Jose area in 2011, nearly 10 percent of all U.S. patents issued that year. Silicon Valley also leads in 66 of the 400 patent classes, the most in the nation.Tech Town?Of course, many categories are in high tech: semiconductors, networking, and artificial intelligence. Some surprises: television and metalworking.Portland, OregonNo. 1 in these classes: Shoes; image projectors; typewriting machines.Toehold: Portland holds the most patents in some shoe-related classes. After Nike launched in 1964, other athletic footwear businesses flocked to the area, including Adidas and Keen.Meeting Projections: Portland leads in a few other classes, including image projectors (Epson has operations nearby).Los AngelesNo. 1 in these classes: Surgery (medicators and receptors); illumination; aero