美国政治体制1101.pptVIP

The political system in the United States 英语1101 汪玲丽20 卓羚卉35 王慧敏21 欧阳倩16 Political System The Constitution The Three Branches of Government Political Parties 1、The Constitution The system of government is laid down in the Constitution of the United States, which was framed in Philadelphia in 1787 and ratified in 1789. American constitution is called “a living constitution”, in that amendments can be added to it. The Two Principles of Constitution The federal system（联邦制） -- there is a division of powers between the federal government(联邦政府) and the state（州和地方政府） government. The Separation of powers: checks and balances（分权制） -- there is also a division of powers among the three branches of the federal government，they are: the executive(行政), the legislative(立法), the judicial(司法). (function: counteracting and limiting any wrong action by another branch) Examples of checks and balances If Congress proposes a low that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. That means the proposal does not become law. Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two-thirds of the members of both houses vote in favor of it. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect. Father of the Bill of Rights James Madison 詹姆斯·麦迪逊（1751——1836，在1809年3月——1817年3月任美国总统）是美国的第四任总统，他被称为是美国的“人权法案之父”. The Bill of Rights 人权法案(1791) It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. It guarantees freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom from unreasonable searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights. 2、The Three Branches of Government The legislative branch （立法机构） represented by Congress The executive branch （行政机构） represented by the President The judicial branch （司法机构） represent