组织行为学 Ch2 Learning.ppt

Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 2 Chapter 2.Foundations of Individual Behavior Ability, Intellect, and Intelligence Dimensions ofIntellectual Ability The Ability-Job Fit Biographical Characteristics What Will Be Your Preferred Demographic Profile? What kind of a person will be suitable for the following positions in terms of demographics such as age, gender, race, marital status, organizational tenure? Positions to be filled: Cashier at McDonald’s Software Development Engineer Automobile Sales Person Learning Different Processes of Learning Classical conditioning (association based) Operant conditioning (reward based) Social learning (cognition based) Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social Learning True or False? You can’t teach an old dog new tricks. [In other words, old people have difficulty in learning and applying new skills, knowledge, or behavior.] Agree or Disagree? Why? REINFORCEMENT THEORIES The process by which stimuli strengthen behaviors. A reinforcer is a stimulus that follows some behaviour and increases or maintains the probability of that behaviour. Types of Reinforcement Positive reinforcement Providing a reward for a desired behavior. Negative reinforcement Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs. Punishment Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior. Extinction Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to cause its cessation. Find This Object! Positive reinforcement Versus Punishment Praise Condition Punishment Condition Schedules of Reinforcement Schedules of Reinforcement Schedules of Reinforcement Pop-up Quiz? When professors give random pop quizzes or take random attendance checks, students often complain that they are adults, old enough to make their own decisions, and should therefore not be required to come to class. USING PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVELY Provide an acceptable alternative for the punished response. Make sure the chosen punishment is truly aversive. Puni