汉英比较翻译.ppt

英汉语言宏观比较 1. Synthetic vs. Analytic综合性与分析性 English is a synthetic language marked with inflections, while Chinese is an analytic language, with the inflection implied in the context, or by using auxiliary words such as 的、地、得”， “着、了、过”etc. For example： a. During the war time, years like these would have meant certain death for many people. Many would have become beggars and others would have been compelled to sell their children. 战争期间碰到这样的年景，很多人肯定会死去，很多人会逃荒要饭，很多人会被迫卖儿卖女。 b. Thus encouraged, they made a still bolder plan for the next year. 由于受到这样的鼓励，题目为第二年制定了一个更大胆的计划。 c. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 但在许多人看来，穷人现在能不依靠政府救济养活自己，而且过得几乎和过去依靠政府救济时一样好，这件事本身就是一个巨大得胜利。 3. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic 形合与意合 In English, clauses or phrases are coordinated with or subordinated to one another syntactically while in Chinese they are placed one after another without coordinating connectives. a. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有多种颜色，外圆红，内圈紫。 b. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。 c. The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind. 车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。 4. Complex vs. Simplex繁复与简单 English sentences are long and complex, while Chinese sentences are short and simple. For example: Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quality of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement,or, more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied. 人造材料通俗称为合成材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然材料的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者是由于人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的