综合(倒装).doc

倒装 第一节 基本知识与基本概念 【什么是倒装】 倒装是英语中很有意思的一种通过改变句子主语和谓语的正常顺序来表达特殊的意思或达到修辞目的的手段。 英语句子的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”，如果将谓语置于主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装。 【倒装的类型】 倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。完全倒装指整个谓语都提前到主语之前，但如果主语为代词而不是名词时，主语和谓语并不倒装。例如： Here comes the bus. (全部倒装) Here you are. （因为主语是代词you，所以没有倒装） 部分倒装指将谓语中的一部分，如助动词、情态助动词或系动词be放在主语的前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。例如：　 Only in this way can we make more contributions to our hometown. 【倒装怎么实现？】 动词倒装的方法一般是： 动词be和主语颠倒进行倒装；（完全倒装和部分倒装通用）例如： Here is a book for you. Only until recently was I aware of the new situation. 如果谓语动词中有助动词、情态助动词，则将它们与主语颠倒,实现部分倒装。例如：　 Hardly had we started when they told us to stop. Tom can beat Jack in tennis and so can you. Often have I told you not to touch anything in my lab! 3.如果谓语动词是行为动词，其前面既无助动词也没有情态助动词，则用助动词do进行倒装。例如： Little does he know about Chinese history. Jill didn’t follow the teacher’s order and neither did anyone else. 第二节　　具体考点解析 【考点一、什么情况下需要完全倒装？】 通常情况下，能引起完全倒装的有三种情况： １、There be 结构 There be 结构及其各种变体就是我们接触最早的，也是我们最熟悉的一种完全倒装。例如： There used to be a temple in the forest. There are many people in front of the city hall. There lived a very smart king. There may be some possibility that we can be chosen for the task. 1.在 There be 句型中，be可换成 live , lie, stand 等表示状态的词。 There is a boat in the river. There stands a temple on the top of the hill. 当直接引语放在句首时，谓语动词应该完全放在主语之前。 在直接引语全部置于句首的句子里,引述动词和他的主语往往要倒装. “ You have made great progress this term.” said our teacher. “Mr.Crossett,”said my father,”will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?” “Why didn’t you join us!” Our monitor asked me.　 　“You must be joking!”, shouted my wife. “No way”, said my boss coldly. “He is the last man I want to see”, answered the boy. 由于受到本身条件的限制，这种情况也很难以高考题的形式出现。 ３、当用在以here, there, now, then, in， out， down， up, back, over ,away, off等方位副词开头的句子中，或表示方位或方向的介词短语位于句首时，主语是代词时不倒装。 Now comes my turn. Here is a letter for you. Then followed three days of heavy rain. In came the teacher, and the lesson began. Off went the horses. Up we