Lecture3 计算机的硬件.pdf

The System Unit System Units Microcomputers • Desktop • Notebook • Tablet PC • Handheld 2013/9/24 软件学院软件工程教研室 2 System Board • Connects all components • Allows communication between devices • Main board or motherboard • Circuit board electronic components – Sockets – Slots – Bus lines 2013/9/24 软件学院软件工程教研室 3 Microprocessor • Central Processing Unit (CPU ) • Two basic components – Control unit – Arithmetic-logic unit 2013/9/24 软件学院软件工程教研室 4 程序在计算机中的执行 2013/9/24 软件学院软件工程教研室 5 Microprocessor Chips • Chip capacities are expressed in word sizes • Types of microprocessor chips – CISC chips: Complex instruction set computer chips • Most widely used design • Used by Intel – RISC chips: Reduced instruction set computer chips • Uses fewer instructions • Design is simpler and less costly • Used by the PowerPC 2013/9/24 软件学院软件工程教研室 6 Specialty Processors • Graphics coprocessors • Parallel processors • Smart cards 2013/9/24 软件学院软件工程教研室 7 Memory • Holding area for data, instructions, and information • Types of memory chips – RAM – holds programs and data – ROM – fixed start-up instructions – CMOS – flexible start-up instructions 2013/9/24 软件学院软件工程教研室 8 Memory Capacity Unit Capacity Megabyte (MB) 1 billion bytes Gigabyte (GB) 1 million