it+基本用法与句型.doc

语法专项复习之It的基本用法及句型 It的基本用法： 1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过 的一件事物。如： That vase is valuable. It is 200 years old. 2. 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如： It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 3. it可用来指代团体。如： The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 4. it用以代替指示代词this, that。如： --- What’s this? --- It’s a pen. 5. 作指示代词的it，常用以指人或物。如： --- Who is making such a noise? --- It must be the children. 6. it常作无具体意义的主语，表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义。如： It is half past three now. It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. 7. it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如： It’s awful—I’ve got so much work I don’t know where to start. Take it easy. 8. it充当形式主语（主要见句型中）。如： It is difficult to translate this article. It is no use going there so early. 注意：在上述诸例中，后置的真正主语可以取代先行it的位置，而出现于句首。 To translate this article is difficult. Going there so early is no use. 但：也并非所有it形式主语结构都可作上述转换。如： It seems that John is not coming after all. It happened that John was the only witness. 上述两例只能转换为： John doesn’t seem to be coming after all. John happened to be the only witness. 9. It作形式宾语（主要见句型中），主要谓语动词为find,?consider,?feel,?make,?think?等。如： I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. He thought it no use going over the subject again. We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 1. that替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；one只替换单数的可数名词。 The vase on the left is more beautiful than the one /that on the right. The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than that in Mexico. 注意： it与one(ones), that(those)的区别： 2. that只用于替换表示事物的名词; 而one替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可。 His younger sister is taller than the elder one. I need that plastic bags, not the paper ones. 3. that(those)用于替换有定冠词的名词；one(ones)用于替换有不定冠词的名词。 The style of the building is similar to that/the one of a temple. A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong. 4. that(those)一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。one(ones)都