2016年中考英语复习之动词分类与动词短语.doc

2016年中考英语复习之动词分类及动词短语 一、动词的分类（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词） 1.实义动词（包括及物动词和不及物动词） 2.系动词(一是一感一保持，起来四个好像变了仨) be,feel,stay,keep,look,smell,taste,sound,seem,turn,become,get 3.助动词(进行时be+V-ing,被动语态be+V-ed,完成时have/has/had+V-ed,将来时will/would/shall+V原， 一般现在时do/does,一般过去时did) 4.情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,need,shall,should,will,would) ★(1).不及物动词没有被动语态；(2).非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的词语连用(否定句除外) 二、易混词辨析 1.used to do sth表示过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth表示习惯于做某事 2.dress sb/oneself给某人穿衣服, put on穿上,戴上,表动作;wear穿着,戴着,表状态,与be in同义。 3.see看见，表结果；look,看，表动作,不及物动词，后面须加介词at才能跟宾语； watch看(电视、比赛) read看(书、报)，表示阅读 4.bring(带来，拿来)，表示从远处拿到说话者的地方 take(拿走，带走)，表示从说话者的地方拿到远处 fetch(去拿来)，表示一个来回、往返的过程 carry,用力搬运，没用方向性 5.die,死，不及物动词，非延续性动词(die of死于) dead死的，形容词，表状态； death，死，名词；dying垂死的，要死的，形容词 His grandfather died two years ago.= His grandfather has been dead for wo years. = His grandfather has been dead since wo years ago. 6.sb spend some time on sth某人花费多少时间在某事上 sb spend some time (in) doing sth某人花费多少时间做某事 it takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费了某人多少时间 sb pay some money for sth某人为某物支付了多少钱 sth cost sb some money某物花费某人多少钱 7.look for强调寻找的过程，find强调寻找的结果 8.listen to强调听的动作，hear强调听的结果 9.hang的过去式(过去分词)hung悬挂，hanged绞死，吊死 10.lose输(lose to sb输给某人) fail指失败或未能做成某事(fail/pass the exam) beat打败，后接sb或某支队伍 win赢得(荣誉、地位、比赛) 11.lose丢失，失去；forget忘记(forget to do sth 忘记去做某事，forget doing sth 忘记做过某事) leave sth +地点（吧某物落在某地） 12.think of想到，认为；think about考虑；think over仔细考虑，反复思考 13.may be(可能是)为情态动词加原形表示推测，在句中做谓语;maybe (大概,也许)为副词,相当于perhaps,用于句首 My father may be at home now.= Maybe my father is at home now. 三、常见的动词短语 1.look for寻找,look after照顾, look forward to doing sth渴望做某事,look at看着,look up抬头看,查找,look like看起来像,look through浏览,look out当心 2.put off推迟,put on穿上,上演,put away把…收起来,put up举起,建造,张贴,put out扑灭,put down写下,放下 3.?turn down把音量开小一点;拒绝；turn up把音量开大一点;出现,turn over翻开;翻转,,turn on?打开(电灯等) turn off?关(电灯等) 4.be friendly/kind to对…友好,be different from与…不同,be afraid of害怕,be popular with受…欢迎,be interested in对…感兴