交通网络演进模型及其算法 - 同济大学学报.doc

文章编号：0253-374X(2010)03- 交通网络演化规律 李夏苗1, 2，曾明华1 （1 中南大学 交通运输工程学院，湖南长沙410075；2 北京交通大学 轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室，北京100044） 摘要：提出基于城市空间结构与交通系统的动态互馈原理和交通系统内在运行机制，并以微观机理融合宏观机制为指导思想构建交通网络演化模型与算法，以研究交通网络演化规律。短期内，纳入道路用户外部性构造目标函数，进而建立交通系统最优模型；在较长时期，利用交通系统和城市空间结构之间的动态互馈作用、区域间经济联系的概念以及无标度网络演化规则的设计理念设计交通网络演化规则，刻画演化机制。实例研究表明，随着网络的演化，出现了层次现象并越来越清晰，更为重要的是，交通网络总费用随之下降；利用介数中心性定义了一种新的交通网络熵，该网络熵也呈现减小趋势，揭示了随着交通网络渐进地向有序演化，交通系统性能得以不断优化。 关键词：动态互馈原理；用户外部性；城市空间结构；演化规则；网络熵 中图分类号：U491；N94 文献标识码：A The Evolutionary Property of Traffic Network LI Xiamiao1,2, ZENG Minghua1 (1 Traffic and Transport Engineering School, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China) Abstract: A traffic network evolution model and algorithm to disclose the traffic network evolution laws has been proposed in the guidance of microscopic dynamics and macroscopic mechanism basing on the dynamic interaction mechanism between traffic system and urban spatial structure, and the internal operation mechanism of traffic system. In the short term, the road users externality was taken into account to formulate objective function; further more, an optimal traffic network model was established. In the long run, the dynamic interaction mechanism between traffic system and urban spatial structure and the design idea of evolutionary rule of scale-free network were combined with the economic relation concept to design traffic network evolutionary rules and to characterize evolutionary mechanisms. Experiments show that with the network evolving, hierarchy emerges and turns clearer, and what is more significant is that the total network cost decreases in the process; the computation of a new network entropy defined by betweenness centrality illustrated that the network entropy becomes smaller and the traffic network evolves to a more orderly structure with improving performance. Key words: dynamic interaction mechanism