Penicillin介绍概要1.pptx

Penicillin Penicillin(PCN or pen) Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use(静脉注射) ) , penicillin V (oral use(口服) ), procaine(普鲁卡 因) penicillin, and benzathine(苯乍生) penicillin (intramuscular use(肌肉注射) ). About 10% of people report that they are allergic to penicillin; however, up to 90% of this group may not actually be allergic . Serious allergies only occur in about 0.03% . All penicillins are β-lactam (β内酰胺) antibiotics. Medical uses Penicillin antibiotics were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci (葡萄状球 菌) and Streptococci (链球菌) . Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use. The discovery of penicillin Alexander Fleming In 1928, the British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered the worlds first antibiotic (抗生素) - penicillin, resulted of a lucky fault. In 1929, Fleming published his research results, unfortunately, after the publication of this paper has not taken seriously the scientific community. Separation and purification(提纯) Howard Walter Florey Ernst Boris Chain In the winter of 1940, Chain made a little bit of penicillin. In 1941, Florey isolated strains(菌种) from the soil of the airport around the world,and improved the production of penicillin. Through a series of experiments, Florey and Chain finally extracted by freeze-drying (冷冻干燥法)crystal penicillin. Mass production of penicillin After that, Florey found a mold can be large number of ex- traction of penicillin on one kind of melon, and modulated (调制)a corresponding culture medium (相应的培养液)with corn flour. With support of these research results, pharmaceutical companies(制药公司) have found a method for mass production of penicillin in 1943. In 1945, Fleming, Florey and Chain jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, because of the discovery of penicillin and its clinical utility. AT