河南城建学院毕业设计说明书 焦油加工工业萘工段.docVIP

设计说明 在全球范围内,煤炭资源要比石油资源丰富很多。因此，煤化工的发展必将成为石油化工的重要补充和替代领域。 萘是最基本的稠环芳烃，是重要的有机化工原料。1821年从煤焦油中发现萘，1821年从煤焦油中分离出纯萘。直到现在，煤焦油依然是萘化合物的主要来源。萘在煤焦油中的含量为8％15％，它的含量与炼焦温度及热解产物在炭化室顶部空间的停留时间有关。 本文结合单炉双塔工艺对15万t/a焦油加工厂工业萘制取工段进行了设计，首先由泡点法确定塔的操作条件，初馏塔的塔顶操作条件为=102.6kPa，=195℃，塔底的操作条件为=137.3kPa，=240℃。精馏塔的塔顶操作条件为=105.3kPa，=220℃，塔底的操作条件为=150.6kPa，=270℃。计算塔的工艺负荷，确定塔的塔板数，有效高度和直径。初馏塔为68层塔板，=00mm，3000mm，，板间距是400mm。精馏塔50层塔板， =00mm，000mm，板间距是400mm。经过工艺比较选用浮阀型塔板并对其进行流体力学验算，塔板均选用V-Ⅰ型浮阀塔板，阀孔的孔间距为100mm，排间距为83.6mm。两塔的人孔直径均为400mm，人孔处板间距均为600mm，初馏塔开设8个人孔，精馏塔开设个人孔。通过流体力学验算，两塔均可防止漏液和液泛等不正常现象，有一定的操作弹性。其次，对塔进行机械校核塔的设计，使其满足当地的自然条件和设计条件。最后通过热量衡算计算出换热器和管式炉的换热量并进行了选型，选用原料与工业萘换热器型号为G600Ⅳ-1.0-110。酚油冷凝器的换热面积为1.5 m2，选用F=4m2换热器即可，工业萘冷凝器的换热面积为14.04m2，选用F=20 m2换热器即可，管式炉的型号为255-25-。该设计还对所设计车间进行了非工艺条件的选择，并在此基础上画出设备装配图、工艺流程图及图。 关键词：工业萘；单炉双塔工艺；物料衡算；热量衡算 Design Note Coal resources than the rich oil resources in the world. Therefore, the development of coal chemical industry will certainly become an important complementary and alternative areas of the petrochemical industry. Naphthalene is the most basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but also an important organic chemical raw materials. Naphthalene from coal tar in 1821, 1821 isolated pure naphthalene from coal tar. Until now, the coal tar is still the main source of naphthalene compounds. Naphthalene in coal tar content of 8% to 15% of its content and coking temperature and pyrolysis products related to space in the top of the coking chamber residence time. In this paper, single furnace twin columns process has been studied, 150000 tons tar processing industrys naphthalene preparation section of the preliminary design has determined. the column operating condition in the material balance foundation. Firstly, the design of the primary distillation column and distillation column bubble point method to determine the operating conditions of the column,the top of primary distillation column operating conditions is P=105.5kPa, T=195℃,the bottom of the operating conditions