英语教学中不可或缺的文化意识.ppt

II. What is culture? “The way of life for an entire society.” As such, it includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and systems of belief as well as art and literature. “... culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs”. ----Unesco联合国教科文组织,2002 III. What is the relationship between culture and language? Language is rooted in culture, and culture is reflected and passed on by language from one generation to the next. (Emmitt Byram 1997) Culture is deeply ingrained part of the very fibre of our being, but language---the means for communication among members of a culture---is the most visible and available expression of that culture. (H.D.Brown, 1994) Culture is called “a fifth skill of communicative competence”. (C.Kramsch, 1993) IV. What does this relationship imply for language teaching? Culture is the “fifth dimension of language teaching” (Damen, 1986). Learning a new language involves the learning of a new culture (Allwright Bailey, 1991); Teachers of a language are also teachers of culture (M.Byram, 1989). A. Teachers must instruct their students on the cultural background of language usage. Culture is such a broad concept that it is inherently tied to of the linguistic concepts in second language classes. Culture must be incorporated into the process of language teaching and learning. Sir, madam, miss, gentleman, lady Teachers must instruct students the cultural background of their usage for socially appropriate communication.  Sir : its Usage 1. Good morning, sir. Can I help you? (a polite way addressing a man unknown) 2. “Report to me tomorrow.” “Yes, sir!” (“是，长官！”)(to show respect) 3.