翻译概述 (2).ppt

第一讲 翻译概述 1、翻译的概念 2、翻译的性质 3、翻译在外语教学中的地位 4、翻译与其他学科的关系 5、翻译的分类 6、译者的素养 7、翻译市场的现状 8、翻译工具箱 1、 翻译的概念 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。 ---张培基（1980） Catford Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). Peter Newmark Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. (Translating) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. Samuel Johnson To translate is to change into another language, retaining as much of the sense as one can. Malcolm Cowley Translation is an art that involves the re-creation of a work in another language for readers with a different background. Eugene Nida Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. “翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语的信息最切近的自然对等物，首先是就意义而言，其次是就文体而言。” 奈达定义的三个优点 明确地说明了要译的是什么（信息message） 暗示了由于语言文化上的差异，原文和译文只能做到相对的对等（closest） 考虑了译文的可接受性 Some Definitions by Modern Translation Theorists Gideon Toury “A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds.” Christiane Nord “Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text.” Jean Sager “Translation is an externally motivated industrial activity, supported by information technology, which is diversified in response to the particular needs of this form of communication.” 吕俊 “翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交换活动，其本质是传播，是传