代自然地理学]教学大纲信息(外国英语资料).docVIP

代自然地理学]教学大纲信息(国外英语资料) Natural geography [syllabus] information Second, the composition, structure, movement and characteristics of each sphere The fourth chapter is the lithosphere and the surface structure and outline of the earth The teaching focus: the crust Clark value, understanding the most common mineral composition of several lithospheric structure, understand the characteristics of the three types of rock and its proportion in the ground and the earths crust, the transformation relationship between the three types of rock, the stress ellipsoid, continental drift and ocean expansion on the distribution rules and causes of volcano and earthquake the distinguishing mark of the lithosphere movement, Werwilson cycle Teaching difficulties: geological cycles (the transformation of three major rocks), the use of stress ellipsoid to explain the direction and nature of regional fracture system, the reasons for continental drift and ocean expansion. First, the composition of the lithosphere 1. Composition of chemical elements The earths crust contains most of the elements listed in the periodic table of chemical elements, among which 8 major elements such as O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K and Mg account for more than 98%, while other elements account for 1%~2%. 2, mineral composition The minerals that make up the main components of rocks are called rock forming minerals. The most common rock forming minerals are feldspar, quartz, mica, amphibole, pyroxene and olivine 3, rock composition Igneous rock: igneous rocks are dominated by igneous rocks. Magmatic rock is formed by magma condensation, accounting for about 65% of the total volume of the earths crust. Sedimentary rock: rock exposed to the surface of the crust, weathered, eroded, or transported in situ or transported Rock formed by diagenesis. Metamorphic rock: the change in the nature of the rock caused by the action of the earths internal forces, collectively called metamorphism. Rocks formed by metamorphism are metam