英概_Chapter2history.pptVIP

Richard III Lancaster Rose York Rose Henry Tudor 1.2.4 The War of the Roses (1455—1485) A war for the throne between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. It reduced the power of nobility and helped to increase the power of the new rising bourgeois class. The House of Lancaster won and their leader Henry Tudor became King Henry VII and started the rule of the House of Tudor (1485-1603). 玫瑰战争（Wars of the Roses），或称蔷薇战争，通常指英国兰开斯特王朝（House of Lancaster）和约克王朝(House of York)的支持者之间为了英格兰王位的断续内战。两个家族都是金雀花王朝(Plantagenet)皇族的分支，是英王爱德华三世的后裔。玫瑰战争不是当时所用的名字，它来源于两个皇族所选的家徽，兰开斯特的红玫瑰和约克的白玫瑰。 Transition to the Modern Age II 2.1 Religious Reformation 2.2 The Civil War 2.4 The Industrial Revolution 2.3 Restoration and the Glorious Revolution 2.1 Religious Reformation Reasons—2 religious camps: Catholic and Protestant Catholic Immediate cause: Henry VIII’s divorce Act of Supremacy（最高权力条例） Henry VIII—“only supreme head of the church of England” In essence, the Reformation was a political movement in a religious guise Henry VIII Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Consolidated（统一） the Church of England Defended the fruit of the Reformation in essence Golden Age（黄金时代） of English History England advanced in such areas as foreign trade, exploration, literature, and the arts. The age of exploration began: claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods. The American State, Virginia, is named after Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth 2.1 Religious Reformation parliamentary clashes over monopolies（垄断） the monarchy（郡主） attempted to control commercial activities in the interests of the court King Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629, and ruled the country without it for eleven years. The various classes in England soon split up into two camps: Parliament: merchants, artisans（技工） and apprentices（新教徒）, peasants King: gentry（贵族）, big landlords and monopolists（大资本家） 2.1 Religious Reformation The civil war broke