工程管理专业英语 第3章.pptVIP

A：oh, let me see. The stiffness refers to building material resisting the actual or probable forces without changing shape. Does this make sense? B： Yeah, fair enough! Thank you very much. A：噢，让我看看。刚度是指建材抵制不改变形状的实际或可能的力量。说明白了吗？ B：是啊，挺好！谢谢你！ 3.1 Factors Affecting Job-Site Productivity 影响工地生产率的因素 Job-site productivity is influenced by many factors which can be characterized either as labor characteristics, project work conditions or as non-productive activities. 影响工地生产率的因素很多，大致分为劳动力特性、工程工作条件（环境）和非生产性活动。 The labor characteristics include: 劳力特性包含： Age, skill and experience of workforce Leadership and motivation of workforce 员工的年龄、技能和工作经验 员工的领导力和动力 The project work conditions include among other factors: 工程施工环境因素包括： Sob size and complexity工作规模和复杂性 Job site accessibility工作场地的易接近性 Labor availability劳力的可用性 Equipment utilization设备的使用 Contractual agreements合同 Local climate当地的气候 Local cultural characteristics, particularly in foreign operations当地的文化特征，特别是海外工作的文化特征 The non-productive activities associated with（与…相关，与…联系） a project may or may not be paid by the owner, but they nevertheless take up potential labor resources（占据可能的劳动力资源） which can otherwise be directed to the project. 与项目有关的非生产型工作业主可以支付，也可以不支付，但他们占据潜在的劳动力资源，这些资源原本可以投入到项目中的. The non-productive activities include among other factors: 非生产型活动包括： Indirect labor required to maintain the progress of the project 维护工程进度的间接性劳力 Rework for correcting unsatisfactory（不合格的） work 不合格任务的返工 Temporary work stoppage（停工） due to inclement （严酷的）weather or material shortage严酷的天气或者物料缺乏导致的临时停工 Time off for union activities因工会活动而休假 Absentee（缺勤） time, including late start and early quits缺勤时间，包括迟到和早退 Non-working holidays节假日 Strikes罢工 Each category of factors affects the productive labor available to a project as well as the on-site labor efficiency. 每类因素都影响生产劳动力的可用性和现场劳动力效率。 Labor Characteristics劳动力特征 Performance analysis is a common tool for assessing worker quality and contribution. 绩效分析是评定员工能力和贡献的一种通用方法。 Factors that might be evaluat