化学结构(国外英语资料).docVIP

化学结构(国外英语资料) Definition of 1 valence electron Valence electrons are concepts designed to discuss the behavior of atoms outside the nucleus in the process of participating in chemical reactions and in the formation of molecules. In general, the definition of valence electrons in the literature includes the idea that valence electrons are the outermost electrons of the nucleus. For the first to seventh main group elements, this includes all the outermost ns and NP electrons, which are consistent in different literatures. But different literature on the following questions views are inconsistent: (1) whether these electrons must participate in bonding; (2) the outermost layer is the outer layer (K, L, M, N, etc.), or to the highest level of the group including electronic sub layer; (3) to rare gas, Deputy group elements especially lanthanides and actinides to treatment and so on. Table 1 presents several literatures on different definitions and further descriptions of valence electrons, which can be compared. In the second column of the table, the author refers to some of the original texts so that readers can refine their meaning. Table 1 Definition and description of valence electrons in literature Valence electron definition A further description or definition of the valence electron literature Electrons in the highest primary quantum layer The, electrons, in, the, outermost, principal, quantum, level,, of, an, atom. One An electron that can be used as a bond when atoms participate in a chemical reaction For the IIIB-VIIB family, the outermost s electrons and the outer d electrons Two The outermost electrons involved in bonding The outmost, s, electrons, and, all, electrons, in, filled, sublevels., For, transition, metals, they, are, typically, partially, NS2 (n-1), DX, where, 0x10. Three A rare gas or class; a rare gas; an electron other than an atom An, electron, outside, the, noble-gas, pseudo-noble-gas, core., The, pseudo-noble-gas, core, is, referred, as, the,