基础笔译第三讲.pptVIP

第三讲 变词为句 变词为句的理论基础 英语的句子多比汉语长，其原因之一是英语靠关联词联结成句，使句子的长度可以自然增加，同时保持严谨的逻辑性。原因之二是很多含有动宾关系或主谓关系的结构可以用非句子形式表达。基于第二个原因，“变词为句”（词与词组的拆译法）成为英汉翻译中经常使用的手段。 非谓语动词结构中所含有的动宾关系或主谓关系为显性，因此不需特别讨论。 名词及名词词组的汉译 At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 如今，人们倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为这样安全，不招风险。 I shall be glad of your company on the journey. 如果你能陪我一块儿去，我会很高兴。 The difficulty of attainment increases the value of the object. 东西越是难得，其身价就越高。 Eight years ago they (a black woman and a white man) were married. They have survived their families’ shock and disapproval and the stares and unwelcome comments of strangers. 这对异族男女（丈夫是白人，妻子是黑人）八年前结的婚。对此，双方的家庭都曾十分震惊，而且都不赞成这桩婚事。不相识的人总以惊异的眼光打量他俩，还说些难听的话。所有这一切他俩都挺过来了。 On Friday Kazakhstan and the four Central Asian republics swallowed their annoyance at not being present at the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States … and decided to join, provided they are given the status of co-founders. 哈萨克斯坦和四个中亚共和国对它们没有出席会议、创立独立国家联合体而感到十分恼火。 然而，上星期五，它们还是强忍恼火，决定加入独联体，条件是给予它们独联体共同缔造国的地位。 He was at this time in his late fifties, a tall elegant man with good features and thick waving dark hair only sufficiently graying to add to the distinction of his appearance. 他这时已是将近六旬的人，高个儿，一表人才，眉清目秀，卷发又多又黑，略带花白，恰好衬出他那堂堂的仪表。 A mix of arrogance and continued fear of Iraqi intentions colors Kuwaiti reactions (to no fly zones). 科威特人一方面很傲慢自负，另一方面又难以消除对伊拉克的企图持有的恐惧。这种复杂的因素左右着科威特人对设置禁飞区的态度。 副词的汉译 I had unforgivably, in a stealthy manner, peeped at her correspondence. 我偷偷摸摸地看她的信，这实在是难以宽恕的行为。 cf. 我难以宽恕地偷偷摸摸看她的信。 They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see. 他们见花就摘，毫不爱惜。 cf. 他们无情地摘他们所看到的花。 The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation. 如果当初把时间花在作一番详细的调查上，收获就会更大。 形容词的汉译 The headlines of the Paris and London newspapers were big, black, and frightened. 巴黎和伦敦的报纸用的是大号黑体标题，显得惊慌失措。 cf.巴黎和伦敦的报纸的标题是大号、黑体和恐慌的。 All this time our poor bewildered families had been kept in secret at Brioni. 整整这段时间，我们可怜的家属，一直秘密地被留在布里俄尼，不知所措。 T