商业传意07.pptVIP

Integrating Contemporary Motivation Theories Based on Expectancy Theory Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education 7-* See E X H I B I T 7-10 Global Implications Motivation theories are often culture-bound. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Order of needs is not universal McClelland’s Three Needs Theory nAch presupposes a willingness to accept risk and performance concerns – not universal traits Adams’ Equity Theory A desire for equity is not universal “Each according to his need” – socialist/former communists Desire for interesting work seems to be universal. There is some evidence that the intrinsic factors of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory may be universal 7-* Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education. Summary and Managerial Implications Need Theories (Maslow, Alderfer, McClelland, Herzberg) Well known, but not very good predictors of behavior Goal-Setting Theory While limited in scope, good predictor Reinforcement Theory Powerful predictor in many work areas Equity Theory Best known for research in organizational justice Expectancy Theory Good predictor of performance variables but shares many of the assumptions as rational decision making 7-* Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ?2011 Pearson Education 7-* Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education It is easy to see that some individuals are more motivated than others. However, the reasons for that motivation are more difficult to determine. When defining motivation it is important to look at the interaction between the individual and the situation. There are three key elements that help us define motivation. The first is intensity or how hard the person tries to accomplish the task. The second element is direction and