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TS 23.402**): Non-Roaming Reference Architecture for non-3GPP Accesses Key Issue NW Discovery Selection (NW-DS)(Excerpt from TR 23.882) Example of HO Message Flow (from informative annex of TS 23.402) * Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access Trusted/Untrusted* Non-3GPP IP Access or 3GPP Access SGi PCRF S7 S6a HSS ePDG S2b Serving SAE Gateway Wn* 3GPP AAA Server Operator’s IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) Wm* Wx* Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access Wa* Ta* HPLMN Non-3GPP Networks S1-U S1-MME EUTRAN 2G/3G SGSN S4 S3 S5 S6c Rx+ S2a PDN SAE Gateway MME S11 S10 UE S2c * Untrusted non-3GPP access requires ePDG in the data path Handovers (Discovery and Selection of non-3GPP Access is needed before) **) Colouring of non-3GPP accesses and red arrows (incl. text in red) added for this presentation It is necessary to optimize NW-DS procedures for frequent mobility events. It is desirable that the concept for NW-DS in SAE supports effective means for minimizing processing. Looking at the currently defined NW-DS principles for I-WLAN in TS 23.234 it becomes clear that they cannot be extended for time critical handovers and for other RATs, due to complexity and latency: per available WLAN access NW a scan/probe has to be performed if a WLAN AN is connected to more than one 3GPP NW this is only detected after L2 association and trying authentication. It is therefore necessary to develop or adopt new, more efficient mechanisms, for both idle and active mode (where this differentiation is applicable). Solutions may be based on concepts developed in other fora (e.g. IEEE 802.11u, IEEE 802.21, IETF) or based on concepts defined by 3GPP (e.g. provision of specific databases). Further mechanisms are FFS. When selecting solutions, the amount of signalling, size of stored and transferred data, especially over the radio interface, and terminal power consumption shall be taken into account. Untrusted non-3GPP IP Access 2. UE discovers the untrusted non-3GPP access system and i
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