Hittorf法测定离子迁移数实验的改进-大学化学.PDFVIP

大学化学(Daxue Huaxue) December Univ. Chem. 2016, 31 (12), 59－63 59 ∙化学实验∙ doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201604024 Hittorf 法测定离子迁移数实验的改进 孙雅飞 王静怡 曲卫东 冯媛媛* ( 曲阜师范大学化学与化工学院，山东曲阜273165) 摘要：以不同浓度的CuSO 溶液为电解质，Pt 电极和Cu 电极分别为电解电极，通过观察通电前后电解 4 质溶液阳极区和阴极区颜色的变化，定性分析离子的电迁移现象。通过电极上产生/溶解Cu 的变化量以 及CuSO 溶液浓度的变化，计算了不同浓度CuSO 溶液中离子的迁移数，并对浓度等因素对迁移数的 4 4 影响规律进行了探讨。本文对传统离子迁移数的实验进行了改进，旨在加深学生对离子电迁移现象的认 识及对迁移数概念的理解。 关键词：Hittorf 法；离子迁移数；电迁移现象；电极反应 中图分类号：G64 ；O6 Improvement on the Measurement of Ion Transference Number by Hittorf Method SUN Ya-Fei WANG Jing-Yi QU Wei-Dong FENG Yuan-Yuan* (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong Province, P. R. China) Abstract: The ion electric migration phenomenon in CuSO4 electrolyte is investigated with Pt and Cu sheets as the electrodes, respectively. The electric migration process is qualitatively analyzed from the color change of the anodic and cathodic solutions before and after the electrolysis. The effect of the electrolyte concentration on the ion transference number is analyzed through the change of the mass of Cu electrodes and the change of the concentration of CuSO4 solution. By using different electrodes, the electrochemical reactions on the anodes and cathodes are also discussed. This improvement on the ion transferencenumbermeasurementbyHittorfmethodaimstodeepenthestudents′understandingofion electric migration phenomenon by making comparisons of