《运筹学导论》第四版 胡运权——第1章_Introduction.ppt

* Stumble：蹒跚 * * * * 运筹学 Operations Research 大连理工大学 系统工程研究所 郭崇慧 Institute of Systems Engineering, Dalian University of Technology * Operations Research_1 Chonghui Guo guochonghui@ School of Management Science and Engineering Room 315, Tel. orms2008@163.com password: 2008orms ? * Reference Books Introduction to Operations Research (8th Edition) Frederick S. Hillier and Gerald J. Lieberman（Passed away in 1999） * Nothing special but the followings are expected: Prerequisite for the course experience of computer use ** basis of mathematics *** programming skills * * Grading Final Exam (80%) Presence and Problem Sets (20%) * The Origins of Operations Research The Nature of Operations Research The Impact of Operations Research 1 Introduction * One problems is a tendency for the many components of an organization to grow into relatively autonomous empires with their own goals and value systems, thereby losing sight of how their activities and objectives mesh with those of the overall organization. A related problem is that as the complexity and specialization increase, it becomes more and more difficult to allocate the available resources to the various activities in a way that is most effective for the organization as a whole. 1.1 The Origins of Operations Research 1 Introduction * The root of OR can be traced back many decades, when early attempts were made to use a scientific approach in the management of organizations. The beginning of the activity called operations research has, however, generally been attributed to the military services early in World War Ⅱ. By the early 1950s, a growing number of people had introduced the use of OR to a variety of organizations in business, industry, and government. The rapid spread of OR soon followed. 1.1 The Origins of Operations Research * Two factors that played a key role in the rapid growth of OR One was the substantial progress that was made early in improving the techn