句子成分动词时态语态.docVIP

句子成分，简单句，动词 一.句子成分 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Jane is good at playing the piano. (名词) She went out in a hurry. (代词) Four plus four is eight. (数词) To become a professor has been his ambition. (动词不定式) Smoking is bad for health. (动名词) The young should respect the old. (名词化的形容词) What we shall do next is not yet decided. (主语从句) 2.谓语：是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. Uncle John has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。 We are students. 3.表语：表语是在连系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语及动词不定式、动名词、分词、表语从句表示。例如： His father is a lawyer.（名词） This dictionary is mine.（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） His job is to look after the children.（不定式） His hobby is teaching you how to use the machine.（动名词） The speech is exciting.（分词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4.宾语：宾语表示及物动词的对象或内容。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、数词或与之相当的结构担任，其位置在及物动词或介词之后。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. 5.宾语补足语：宾补用于补充说明宾语。可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw h