系统解剖学_1课件.pptVIP

宁波大学医学院解剖教研室 陈 一 勇 上superior——下inferior 前 ( 腹侧 ) anterior (ventral) ——后 ( 背侧 ) posterior (dorsal) 内侧medial ——外侧lateral 浅superficial——深profound 近侧proximal——远侧distal 幼年时椎骨为32或33块 There are 32/33 vertebrae in children 颈椎 Cervical vertebrae C.7 胸椎 Thoracic vertebrae T.12 腰椎 Lumbar vertebrae L.5 骶椎 Sacral vertebrae S.5 骶骨 sacrum 尾椎 Coccygeal vertebrae Co.3~4 尾骨 coccyx 椎体 Vertebral body 椎弓 Vertebral arch 椎弓根 pedicle of vertebral arch : 椎上、下切迹 sup. and inf. Vertebral notch lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 突起 process (7): 棘突 spinous process 横突 transverse process 上、下关节突 sup. and inf. articular processes 椎孔 Vertebral foramen 椎管 Vertebral canal 椎间孔 Intervertebral foramen Vertebrae Body: small Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7 Transverse processes: 横突孔 short and bifid, transverse foramen Articular processes: horizontal 呈环形，无椎体、棘突和关节突 Body and spinous process absent 包括前弓后弓和两个侧块组成 consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses 椎动脉沟 Groove for vertebral artery Vertebrae Body ： heart-shape, 上、下肋凹 superior and inferior costal fovea Vertebral foramen： smaller, rounder Spinous processes： 呈叠瓦状 long, point obliquely downward Transverse processes： 横突肋凹 transverse costal fovea Articular processes: coronal Vertebrae Body： larger, kidney-shape Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: projects horizontally Transverse processes: long Articular processes: sagittal Anterior surface: 岬 promontory, 骶前孔 anterior sacral foramina (four pairs) Posterior surface: 骶正中嵴 median sacral crest, 骶后孔 posterior sacral foramina (four pairs), 骶管裂孔 sacral hiatus，骶角 sacral cornu Lateral part: 耳状面 auricular surface, 骶粗隆 sacral tuberosity 胸骨柄 Manubrium sterni : 颈静脉切迹 jug