病理生理(国外英文资料).docVIP

病理生理(国外英文资料) Explanation of pathophysiology and brief answer The two chapter is introduction, an introduction to disease Disease (disease) disease is an abnormal life process caused by the disorder of organism homeostasis under the influence of certain pathogeny. Health (Health) is not only free from disease or infirmity, but is in good condition on the physical, mental and social adaptation. Pathological process (pathological process) exists in different diseases in the complete set of functions, metabolism, and morphological changes. Brain death (brain death) refers to the permanent cessation of the function of the organism as a whole, including brain death in the brain and brainstem. The cause and condition of disease are briefly described Answer: the reason is that the many factors that affect the organism can cause disease and give the disease a characteristic factor. It is essential for disease to determine the specificity of the disease. Conditions are those in vivo and external factors that can affect the course of disease, including those that promote or prevent disease. Conditions are not essential to disease, but its presence can affect the cause of disease. What are the criteria for judging brain death? Answer: the irreversibility of deep coma and completely lost to the outside stimulation reaction; without spontaneous breathing; the cranial nerve reflex; the EEG and evoked potentials disappeared; the cerebral angiography demonstrated complete cessation of cerebral blood circulation. Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism Hypovolemic, hypernatremia (low volume hypernatremia), dehydration, excess sodium loss, serum Na+ concentration, 150mmol/L, plasma osmolality, 310mmol/L, extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid are reduced, also known as hypertonic dehydration. Hypovolemic hyponatremia (hyponatremia of low volume hyponatremia) loses more Na+ than dehydration, serum Na+ concentration 130mmol/L, plasma osmotic pressure 180mmol/L, accompanied by