约束理论---TOC.ppt

Lean Tools 精益工具 Objective 課程目的 Understand basic concepts of Theory of Constraint 理解約束理論的基本概念 Present and explore the TOC five focusing steps 介紹和探究TOC的五個步驟 How the Drum Buffer Rope principle works DBR原則如何運作 Game study 游戲練習 Organizational Goals 組織目標 TOC - Assumptions 設想 There is a fundamental goal for every organization. 每個組織有一個基本的目標. Every organization is constrained in some way (either internal or external). 每個組織都被某些因素限制著(不管是內部還是外部). While there are many causal linkages, there are few core causes that limit achievement of organizational goal. 當存在許多因果關系時﹐總有一些關鍵的原因約束著組織達成目標. Management Dilemma 管理兩難 ROI measures organizational or “system” performance (where the the “system” is a chain of dependent events), therefore the key management dilemma is simply ROI衡量了一個組織或系統的績效(這里的系統是指相互依賴的一個鏈),所以關鍵的管理兩難是: DO WE MANAGE THE SYSTEM?我們管理這個系統 OR 還是 DO WE MANAGE THE CHAIN OF EVENTS AS INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS? 把這一系列的事件當作獨立的系統來管理? TOC Philosophy TOC哲學 Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a system-based philosophy which asserts that the constraint (Bottleneck) determines the performance of the system. TOC是以系統為基礎的哲學, 它聲稱瓶頸決定整個系統的績效. The Theory of Constraints 瓶頸理論 TOC was developed by Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt, a Physicist. 約束理論又稱瓶頸理論,是由物理學家-高德拉特博士提出和發展而來. TOC suggests that: TOC 提出: All systems similar to chains. 所有的系統如同一條鏈. Each chain is composed of links which vary in strength and capability. 每一條鏈都是由各种多樣化力量和能力的聯接點組成. In any independent chain there is one link- and only one- that is weaker than all the rest: the weakest link. 在任何獨立的鏈里都存在一個聯接-且只有一個-比其它弱:最弱的聯接點. The weakest link is the constraint to the system’s performance. 最弱的聯接點就是影響系統績效的約束點. 兩种約束 Physical 物理方面: People + Materials + Machine + Geography地理 Non-Physical 非物理方面: Policies + Rules + Measurements + Training Production Management using Theory of Constraints Drum鼓 - Buffer緩沖器 – Rope (DBR) Drum Buffer Rope (DBR) - 定義 Drum鼓: 瓶頸(最慢工序)的速度或產能 Drum Beat鼓點: 瓶頸的進度; 用來優化瓶頸效率 Buffer緩沖器: 放在瓶