社会语言学 第十讲社会方言 阶层与职业.pptVIP

社会语言学 第十讲社会方言：阶层与职业 西方社会分层的两大理论传统 Karl Marx Max Weber 主导 观点 阶级斗争 阶级调和 理论 模型 历史唯物主义 生产力与生产关系 经济、声誉、权力 三位一体的分层模式 职业与阶层紧密关联 中国 美国 William Labov生平 Professor, Departments of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Born: Dec 4, 1927, Rutherford, NJ Columbia University, M.A., 1963; Ph.D. 1964 Industrial chemist, Union Ink Co., Ridgefield, NJ, 1949-1960 Assistant Professor, Columbia University, 1964-1970 Associate Professor, Professor, University of Pennsylvania, 1971- Director, Linguistics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 1976- William Labov主要著作 The social motivation of a sound change, 1963 The Social Stratification of English in New York City.,1966 Sociolinguistic Patterns, 1972 Language in the Inner City, 1972 Principles of Linguistic Change. Volume 1: Internal Factors , 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change. Volume 2: Social Factors. 2001. Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 3:Cognitive and Cultural Factors, 2010 with U. Weinreich M. Herzog, Empirical foundations for a theory of language change, 1968. Casestudy 1: Martha’s Vineyard (1963) The island was chosen as a laboratory for an initial investigation of social patterns in linguistic change. （1） has the advantage of being a self-contained unit, separated from the mainland by a good three miles of the Atlantic Ocean. （2） has enough social and geographic complexity to provide ample room for differentiation of linguistic behavior. （3） We are also fortunate in having the records of the Linguistic Atlas of New England 1931-1972 (henceforth abbreviated LANE) as a background for the investigation. The social motivation of a sound change The social motivation of a sound change （1）词汇调查 A lexical questionnaire, using the regional markers shown as most significant in the maps of the LANE, supplemented with recent observations, and concentrating on the following words containing (ay) and (aw): spider dying out Sliding swipe flattening out white outhouse egg pie frying pan crouch The social motivation of