Semantics详解.pptVIP

Semantics Main Contents Semantics Ogden and Richards’ The Meaning of Meaning Leech’s seven types of Meaning The Referential Theory vs. The Conceptual Theory Sense relations Componential Analysis Sentence Meaning the study of meaning, specially the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular. 2. The Meaning of “Meaning” Ogden and Richards (1923): 奥格登和理查兹《意义的意义》 The Meaning of Meaning P-186: They summarized 16 major categories and 22 subcategories of definitions: Examples of “Meaning” What is the meaning of the word “desk”? Whom do you mean?/I do not mean that one, I mean this one? I didn’t quite catch your meaning, could you explain it again? What do you mean by saying that? What does “Konbanwa” / “Merci” mean in English? What is the meaning of this sentence in such a situation? e.g. —xxx同学学习怎么样？ —为人不错。 “意思”、“意义” “节约”就是不浪费的意思。 这句话是什么意思？ 大家的意思是一起团聚团聚。 这件礼物不过是我们大家的一点小意思，请你收下！（a token of regard) 这个话题有点意思。 Summary of Important Ones 1.reference 2.concept 3.synonym 4.paraphrase 5.translation equivalent 6.intention 7.implicature 3. Leech’s Seven Meanings Leech— a British modern linguist, 《语义学》Semantics (1974) P-23: Seven Types of Meaning Seven Types of Meaning 1. Conceptual Meaning 概念意义 2.Connotative Meaning 内涵意义 3. Social Meaning 社会意义 4. Affective Meaning 感情意义 5. Reflected Meaning 反映意义 6. Collocative Meaning 搭配意义 7. Thematic Meaning 主题意义 Conceptual Meaning 关于逻辑、认知或外延内容的基本意义。又叫“外延意义”（denotative meaning),也通常是词典给出的定义，概念意义不会因人、因文化而异；可分解成若干“语义成分”。E.g. women: [HUMAN] [FEMALE] [ADULT] Pig: [ANIMALE] [DOMESTICATED]… Connotative Meaning 附加在概念意义之上，通过语言所指事物传递的意义。内涵意义因人、因文化而异。E.g. Woman: housewife, gentle, cry, fragile, weak, dependent hesitant, Pig: fat, lazy, dirty, greedy, docile Social Meaning 指关于语言运用的社会环境的意义，主要代表是“文体风格意义”Stylistic Meaning: e.g. horse (common) steed (formal/poetic) nag (slang) gee (colloquial/child l