关键信息识别与浓缩.ppt

关键信息识别与浓缩 关键信息识别 信息单位:语句根据其信息分布情况分为信息单位,小句(clause)常被看作一个信息单位 信息焦点:每一个信息单位中必然有一个负载最重要信息的成分,即 “信息焦点”.它是说话人想要重点强调的信息,主要是新信息. 英语单句的焦点常在句子的尾部,即末尾焦点(end-focus)原则. 除焦点信息外,还有比较新的信息,称为重要信息 关键信息包括焦点信息和重要信息,主要指焦点信息 关键信息识别 E.g. A. That he has kept talking about the heavy traffic to explain why he was late again is obvious. B. It is obvious that he has kept talking about the heavy traffic to explain why he was late again. (信息焦点) A句比较累赘,听话人很难准确及时理解信息,而B句遵循了次重要信息(obvious)到重要信息(he was kept talking about the heavy traffic),再到最重要信息(to explain why he was late again)的逐渐深入的原则,相对容易理解.听话人在一定的旧信息基础上理解(半)新信息,最后理解焦点信息,符合人们的认知规律. 关键信息识别 一般情况下,除强调句和倒装句外,英语单句信息的分布顺序是:从一般到特定、从泛指到特指、从已知到未知、从次重要到重要、从旧信息到（半）新信息，再到信息焦点。 关键信息识别 E.g. Great efforts have been Great efforts have been made by Chinese central government Great efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make sure Great efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make sure that Chinese people can Great efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make sure that Chinese people can have universal access to Great efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make sure that Chinese people can have universal access to the medical services. 信息逐渐释放，但是直到最后才出现信息焦点： the medical services 关键信息识别 英语复句的信息分布情况： （1）递进关系复句的主要信息在后一个分句。 e.g China is not only an engine for Asian economy but also an engine for global economy （2）转折关系复句中，but复句主要信息在后一个分句，though/ although, nevertheless, however等复句，主要信息既可以前置，也可以后置，前置更常见。 e.g. He is young, but he has made so many achievements. she succeeded in the entrance examination though she did not work hard though. vs. Though she did not work hard enough, she succeeded in the entrance examination. 关键信息识别 （3）假设、让步、条件以及因果关系复句中，前置和后置都可以，但是前置更常见。 e.g. He resigned as his health was decaying. vs. As his health was decaying, he resigned. You should have avoided the mistake if you had taken your parents’ advice. vs. If you had taken your parents’ ad