9.语用意义的理解与表达.ppt

Social Meaning：register （语域） 语体是同一语言使用者在不同场合使用的该语言的变体。所谓“变体”是人们在不同场合下对自己的言语所做的调整。语体与使用场景、主题、交际对象以及交际时的情绪等有关。 例如： 自称在不同场合有不同的表达方式： 我、吾、鄙人、某人、不佞、本人、咱、人家等等 Q：在当代语境中，以上措词分别有什么样的语用含义？ 美国语言学家Martin Joos 把美国英语分为五种语言变体： 1、刻板的 (frozen) 2、正式的 (formal) 3、商谈式的 (consultative) 4、随便的 (casual) 5、亲昵的 (intimate) 1. On the decease of his father, Mr. Robert Brown was obliged to seek alternative employment. 2. After his father’s death, Robert had to change his job. 3. When his dad died, this guy had got to get another job. I wondered if you would give us some advice. I am wondering if you’d give us some advice. I wonder if you’d give us some advice. He spoke in a confident manner. He spoke confidently. He spoke dead sure. 在翻译时，需要给与语体足够的重视，尽量传达由语言变体传达出来的语用含义，做到译文的文白雅俗与原文契合。 邵志洪《汉英对比翻译导论》 如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。 It would be appreciated if samples brochure could be soon forwarded to us. （孔乙己）直起身又看一看豆，自己摇头说，“不多不多！多乎哉？不多也！” Then straightening up to look at the peas again, he would shake his head, “Not much! Verily, not much, for sooth!” 先交代我自己吧。我是个算命的先生。我也卖过酸枣、落花生什么的，那可是先前的事了。现在我在街上摆卦摊，好了呢，一天也抓弄个三毛五毛的。老伴儿早死了，儿子拉洋车。我们爷儿俩住着柳家大院的一间北房。 老舍：《柳家大院》 First, a few words about myself. I’m a fortune-teller. Once I was a vender of sour dates, ground-nuts and whatnot. But that was ages ago. Now I keep a fortune-teller’s stall on the side-walk and can scrape up three or five dimes a day at best. My old gal had long kicked up her heels. My son’s richsha-boy. That’s wot he’s. we two, father and son, hang our hats at a south-facing room in the Liu’s compound. 咫尺之隔，竟成海天之遥。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六载。幼时同袍，苏京把晤，往事历历在目。惟长年未通音问，此诚憾事。近闻政躬违和，深为悬念。人过七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍摄。 廖承志：《致蒋经国信》 Who would have expected that the short distance between us should be keeping us poles apart! It is now more than 36 years since our brief encounter in Nanjing. The days we spent together in childhood as well as later in the Soviet capital, however, are still as fresh as ever in my memory. But it’s a pity indeed that we haven’t heard from each other for so many y