托福阅读之走进埃及.pdfVIP

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 托福阅读之走进埃及 如今托福阅读的背景知识要求越来越多，托福阅读题材也越来越广 泛，如果大家不能在新托福阅读的复习时对各种资料有一个了解的话考 试的时候会很困难，下面的材料是关于埃及历史的背景知识，希望对大 家有帮助。 新托福阅读准备之托福阅读题材：埃及历史 托福阅读原文： Prehistory and Ancient Egypt Main articles: Prehistoric Egypt and Ancient Egypt There is evidence of rock carvings along the Nile terraces and in desert oases. In the 10th millennium BC, a culture of hunter-gatherers and fishers was replaced by a grain-grinding culture. Climate changes or overgrazing around 8000 BC began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt, forming the Sahara. Early tribal peoples migrated to the Nile River where they developed a settled agricultural economy and more centralised society. By about 6000 BC, a Neolithic culture rooted in the Nile Valley. During the Neolithic era, several predynastic cultures developed independently in Upper and Lower Egypt. The Badarian culture and the successor Naqada series are generally regarded as precursors to dynastic Egypt. The earliest known Lower Egyptian site, Merimda, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years. Contemporaneous Lower Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years, remaining culturally distinct, but maintaining frequent contact through trade. The earliest known evidence of Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions appeared during the predynastic period on Naqada III pottery vessels, dated to about 3200 BC. The Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza, built during the Old Kingdom. A unified kingdom was founded c. 3150 BC by King Menes, leading to a series of dynasties that ruled Egypt for the next three millennia. Egyptian culture flourished during this long period and remained distinctively Egyptian in its religion, arts, language and customs. The first two ruling dynasties of a unified Egypt set the stage for the Old Ki