英语语法——短语.pptVIP

Grammar Level 3: Phrases A phrase is like a flying formation of birds; it is something made up of some things. It is a part of speech made of some words. A phrase is not a complete idea, because it is a group of words which contains no subject/predicate set and which only acts as a single part of speech. In other words, a phrase is an elaboration. Phrases and Clauses Difference between a phrase and a clause: Both phrases and clauses are groups of words, but a clause contains both a subject and a predicate, and a phrase does not. Example: I jumped (clause) in the boat (phrase) Appositive Phrase An appositive is an interrupting definition. It is called an appositive because it is put (pos) beside (ap) what it defines. An appositive may be only one word or it may consist of an entire phrase. Appositives are enclosed by commas, unless they are exceptionally short and clear by themselves. Appositive Phrase Example: Mort, the hoary pedagogue, is tall. My friend Bob is tall. We always enclose appositive states and appositive years in commas: Marion, North Carolina, is at the foot of the mountains. June 20, 1997, is the date of the liftoff. Prepositional Phrase A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and concludes with the object of a preposition. The preposition relates its object to another word in the sentence. Example: the dog in the boat The preposition in shows a spatial relationship between the its object (boat) and the noun dog. Prepositional Phrase Prepositional phrases behave as modifiers. They act like big adjectives and big adverbs. Example: The dog in the boat barked. Here the prepositional phrase in the boat acts as a big adjective to modify the noun dog. Prepositional Phrase the object of the preposition: The object of a preposition must either be a noun or an object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them). Example: This is a present for you and me. (Correct) This is a present for you and I. (Incorrect) Thi