汉译英词类互换法与代换法.ppt

汉译英词类互换法与代换法 词类互换法是汉译英最常用的方法之一。由于汉语和英语是两种完全不同的语言，因此在翻译时不能按照原文的词类机械地照搬不误。例如汉语运用动词的场合较多，译成英语时，不一定也用动词，而可以用介词或名词。如果我们运用得当，就可以使译文更加符合英语的习惯用法，读起来通顺流畅，明白易懂。 静态的英语与动态的汉语——英语趋向与少用动词（原因是英语可以有很多手段体现动词的功能），而汉语倾向于多用动词。 汉语的动词转换成英语介词或介词短语 联合国的大多数成员国都不赞成所谓“人权”的提案。 A great majority of member nations in the United Nations were not in favour of the so-called“human rights”proposal. （动词—介词短语） 他们不顾一切艰难险阻，勇往直前。 They kept going forward courageously in spite of all dangers and difficulties.（动词—介词短语） 汉语的动词转换成英语的名词 在这所敬老院里，所有的老人都受到很好的照顾。 In this Retirement Center for the Aged, all the senior citizens are taken good care of.（动词—名词；副词—形容词） 司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款。 Violation of any traffic rules by the drivers will be fined by the police.(动词——名词) 要制止青少年犯罪，首先应加强思想教育和严格查禁黄色书刊和吸毒。 To check juvenile delinquency, first of all, we should intensify our moral education and a strict ban of drugs and pornographic books and periodicals must be placed.（动词—名词；副词—形容词） 汉语的动词转换成英语的形容词 获悉贵国南方地区遭受水灾，国际红十字会深表关切，为此，特向你们捐赠以下救济物资。 The International Red Cross is deeply concerned at the news that a big flood has hit the southern areas of your county. The following relief items will be specially denoted for this purpose. 要是你们只满足于现状，你们就不能在竞争中求得发展。 You cannot survive in the competition for further development, if you are only content with things as they are. 汉语的名词转换成英语的动词 我对这个城市的绿化留下很深的印象。 I was deeply impressed by the afforestation plan of this city. 成都工艺美术品厂的产品主要特点是工艺精湛，价廉物美。 The products of Chengdu Arts Crafts Factory are mainly featured by their fine workmanship and reasonable price. 汉语的形容词或副词转换成英语的名词 在全国卫生城市的评比中，成都已消除了脏、乱、差的现象。 In the nationwide evaluation of clean cities, Chengdu has got rid of all its uncleanness, disorder and discourtesy. 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。（巴金《家》） Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a dusk of gloomy grey. 其他词类的转换 随着生产的发展，群众生活水平的提高，人民的购买力将逐步增长。 The purchasing power of the whole people will increase step by step as production grows and the living standard of the masses is improv